$$ t_{seconds}(s,e,m,b) = \begin{cases}(-1)^s \times (0 + \frac{m}{m_{max}}) \times 2^{0+b+1} & \text{if} \ e = 0 \text{ (subnormal)}\\ (-1)^s \times (1 + \frac{m}{m_{max}}) \times 2^{e+b} & \text{if} \ e > 0 \text{ (normalized)}\end{cases} \qquad where \quad s:=sign \quad e:=exponent \quad m:=mantissa \quad b:=bias $$